province of new jersey founder

1680 – Duke of York's Second Grant to William Penn, Gawn Lawry, Nicholas Lucas, John Eldridge, Edmund Warner, and Edward Byllynge, for the Soil and Government of West New Jersey-August 6; 1681 – Province of West New-Jersey, in America, The 25th of the Ninth Month Called November; 1682 – Duke of York's Confirmation to the 24 Proprietors: 14 March Over 1,000 British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost 452 men. New Jersey had no Lieutenant Governor position at the time, leaving a vacancy in the office. It was during this battle that the legendary "Molly Pitcher" is said to have fought.[23]. After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey. The story of the area of present-day New Jersey begins at the end of the Younger Dryas, about 15,000 years ago. New Jersey; Beginnings [1]. New refineries and ammunition factories were built by companies like DuPont Engineering. [32] It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. Bruce A. Bendler, "The Steam Mill and Jacksonian Politics: The Career of William N. 1884 - Grover Cleveland is elected the 22nd President of the United States. ", Historical Census Browser, 1860 US Census, University of Virginia, "World War II Time Line: New Jersey and the World", "Progress toward Equal Educational Opportunity for Urban Students in New Jersey", "THE ELLIS ISLAND VERDICT: THE RULING; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island", Federal Writers' Project, Works Progress Administration. The state was the site of more than 100 battles, earning it the nickname Crossroads of the Revolution. [19] The loyalists included the governor of New Jersey, William Franklin. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax. By 1974, the missile sites were deactivated. Stuyvesant's council took several measures restricting religion in New Netherland, heightening his unpopularity, and he was also known for being hot-tempered. As New Jersey moves through its fourth century of history, it continues to fulfill its potential as a diverse and richly gifted state. Economic growth continued during and after World Wars I and II, but the growing decay of the cities continued to be largely overlooked amid general prosperity throughout the 20th century. Before the Europeans arrived, the Delaware (or Lenni Lenape) Indians had long occupied the region. The Benjamin Franklin Bridge was completed linking Camden and Philadelphia in 1926. The Court thereupon shut down all public schools for eight days in 1976, until the legislature passed an income tax bill. for example William N. Jeffers of Salem County, New Jersey, build his political success on leadership with the Jacksonian forces at the local level, while at the same time building his fortune with a bank charter and building a steam mill.[26]. While approaching a mooring mast at Lakehurst, the zeppelin suddenly caught fire, and within 34 seconds the entire hydrogen-filled zeppelin was engulfed in flames; 36 people died in the disaster, most of them leaping from the burning ship. He hoped to secure Hobart Gap, from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown. The exact line between West and East Jersey generally corresponded to the Keith Line between present day South and North Jersey and was created by George Keith. The state's transportation system continued to improve with the construction of canals and more rail lines that helped industrialization develop further. Official website of the State of NJ. Simultaneously, there was a rise of “edge cities” (suburban areas that contain all or most of the functions once found only in an urban context). In fact, New Jersey issued begging licenses to the poor people because the New Jersey government funds were being exhausted. One of his famous sayings was, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration", as his efforts consisted of research and testing. The Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the Congress. Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in 1847. In the 17th century, the New Jersey region came under the control of the Swedes and the Dutch, resulting in a struggle in which the Dutch proved victorious (1655). One of the most dramatic war events in the Northeast occurred in 1945, when US forces hit and sank a German U-boat (U-869) off the coast of New Jersey. The Hopewell tradition summarizes the common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The economy of New Jersey was largely based on agriculture, but crop failures and poor soil plagued the settlers of New Jersey. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony's capital. Paterson became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America. In 1609, Sir Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company,[5] explored the East Coast including the Delaware, Raritan, Newark, New York bays and the Hudson Valley. The second version of the New Jersey State Constitution was written in 1844. The British at Princeton were forced to surrender. During the next four years, on somewhat secretive missions, Adriaen Block explored and mapped the coast along Delaware, New Jersey, Long Island, and New England, naming it for the first time New Netherlands. 1876 - Thomas Edison opens his famous lab in Menlo Park. Paleo-Indians first settled in the area of present-day New Jersey after the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 B.C. Later on, the George Washington Bridge (1931) and the Lincoln Tunnel (1937) were completed, making access to Manhattan even easier. A few days later, British General Charles Cornwallis hoped to engage Washington's army at Trenton after Washington recrossed the Delaware River, resulting in the Second Battle of Trenton. He was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey. Furthermore the "Market Revolution" was well underway, as industrialization and upgraded transportation networks made the larger picture more important than the local economy, and entrepreneurs and politicians became leaders in speeding up the changes. The division continued until 1702, when the entire province reverted to the crown. Historians have examined the emergence of the Second Party System at the state and local level. Many bridges and tunnels were built for the ease of interstate traveling. The Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken over by England in 1664, and the Province of New Jersey was given to two loyalists of King James II: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. In 1746, the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. The New Jersey Colony was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. In May 1624, from a ship under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen Mey (after whom Cape May is named) thirty families were required to spread themselves throughout the region including Fort Wilhelmus. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Camp Kilmer was a staging area near New Brunswick that served the port of New York. The incidents occurred during a deadly heat wave and polio epidemic in the Northeastern United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. Traces of their Algonquian language survive in many place-names throughout the state.[3]. The first permanent European settlement was established by the Dutch at Bergen (now Jersey City) in 1660. William Livingston became New Jersey's first state governor. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, viewing it as violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. Initially, small out-posts were built for the fur trade. Listeners were told that a "huge, flaming object ... fell on a farm in the neighborhood of Grover's Mill ... twenty-two miles from Trenton. In honour of Carteret, who was Governor of the island of Jersey, this territory received the name of New Jersey. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles to 1 inch) Copperplate map,… In 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to reach New Jersey. At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms.[41]. "The Petticoat Electors: Women's Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776–1807." With the 1676 Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made resulting in the Thornton Line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence Line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. They also fished in the region surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. Streissguth, Thomas (2002). Between July 1 and July 12, 1916 a series of shark attacks occurred along the Jersey Shore in which four swimmers were killed and another severely injured. With the advent of the bow-and-arrow and of pottery around the year 500 A.D., extended family groups began to stay in areas longer. [10] New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643–53). Later James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River that would become New Jersey to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. In the Elizabeth riot, six people were injured and seventeen stores were damaged. Federal Writers' Project, Works Progress Administration. New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. The Holland Tunnel, under the Hudson River, was completed in 1927, providing a means of easy transportation between New Jersey and New York City. [31] Fort Dix, in Pemberton Township, New Jersey, was also constructed in 1917 to help in the war effort. Some important components of the second State Constitution include the separation of the powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government. This was the first port in the world to containerize due to the innovation of Malcolm McLean and the founding of the Sea-Land Corporation. Twenty-four people died in the riots, and nearly 1,600 were arrested. 23,116 of those soldiers served in the Army of the Potomac. In 1937, the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded over Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester. The Delaware and Raritan canal ran from New Brunswick, New Jersey, on the Raritan River, to Bordentown, New Jersey, on the Delaware River. The goal was to benefit existing urban and older suburban areas and to protect the state’s natural resources. Fourteen Nike anti-aircraft missile batteries in two groups were constructed in New Jersey to protect the metropolitan areas around Philadelphia and New York City. In 1756, the school moved to Princeton. Located at Paulus Hook it was part of the patroonship Pavonia, named (in Latinized form) for Micheal Pauw[8] who had bought the tract from the Lenape. Between 1611 and 1614, three Dutchmen, A. No specific agreements were reached, especially in the area of restrictions on anti-ballistic missile systems. From the colony of New Netherland, the Dutch interfered with Britain's transatlantic trade with its North American colonies. Later, systems of canals were built, the first of which is called the Morris Canal and ran from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on the Delaware River to Jersey City, New Jersey, on the Hudson River. Discover how New Jersey's industrial might, exemplified by the Trenton Iron Works, contributed to the Union military effort during the American Civil War. The 1860 Census found just over 25,000 free African Americans in the state. The publication of this survey helped to increase the state's involvement in agricultural research and direct support to farmers. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been meant for the British army. The Zierdt site in Montague, Sussex County and the Plenge site along the Musconetcong River in Franklin Township, Warren County, as well as the Dutchess Cave in Orange County, New York, represent camp sites of Paleo-Indians. New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, 1779. The first people to live on the land now known as New Jersey were the Delaware Indians. Their name means "original people" or "genuine people." The story of the area of present-day New Jersey begins at the end of the Younger Dryas, about 15,000 years ago. New Jersey. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and took office on January 17, 2006. Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the British granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey to the Duke of York (later James II & VII), who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. The governorship has tended to alternate between Republican and Democrat. Province of New Jersey (1778) - Faden The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, Commonly Called the Jerseys Second Edition [of three] with Considerable Improvements Engraved & Published by Wm. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and non-whites. Philip Kearny, an officer who led a cavalry unit, followed General Winfield Scott and fought in the Battle of Contreras and Battle of Churubusco. [39] Fort Hancock was also opened in Sandy Hook. Camp Merritt, in Cresskill, was activated for use in World War I. Transportation became much easier through the 1920s. Edison worked in Menlo Park, and was known as "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1,093 patents. It historically tended to lean Republican, but, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, voters more decidedly supported the Democrats, who have since frequently controlled the state legislature. The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, Commonly Called the Jerseys Second Edition [of three] with Considerable Improvements Engraved & Published by Wm. [46], In 1998, the south side of Ellis Island came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey following a US Supreme Court decision, New Jersey v. New York. The legislature did this in 1975 but failed to fund it. Woodrow Wilson (1911–13), who signed legislation providing for tighter regulation of corporations (later repealed). The most significant of these took place on Dec. 26, 1776, when Gen. George Washington and his hungry, ragged troops crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylvania in Durham boats (shallow-draft freight vessels), surprised a garrison of German mercenaries in Trenton, and captured the city. In its early years of statehood, New Jersey concentrated on rebuilding its economy from the damage done during the war. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state. Philip Carteret arriving at the colony of New Jersey in 1665 to serve as its governor, from a 19th-century coloured engraving. New Jersey; Beginnings [1]. Until 1738 a single governor ruled New Jersey and New York. 1930-1932. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. Strikes also grew common during the Great Depression; in 1937 a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike. [33] All of the tunnels and bridges linking New York and New Jersey are managed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, established on April 30, 1921. In this division Carteret took East Jersey, the government of which he retained; and the trustees of Billinge, West Jersey. Dorwart, Jeffery M., and Mackey, Philip English. See. Residents who could leave, fled to the suburbs following the riots. (See Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal). Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey. [27] Thousands of former slaves—both from rural New Jersey and the South—migrated to shore communities like Red Bank, Long Branch, and Asbury Park during the last decades of the nineteenth century, creating sizable, stable communities that persisted over the next century. These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 29 April 2006, 2004–05 gubernatorial vacancy and subsequent events, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution on December 18, 1787, with 38 delegates voting unanimously in favor of the Constitution. The English explorer Henry Hudson (1570–1611), who explored portions of New Jersey's coastline 601,146 62 sq mi (161 km 2) Hunterdon County: 019: Flemington: 1714: Burlington County: Robert Hunter (1664–1734), the Colonial Governor of New Jersey from 1710 to 1720 [20] Both political parties in elections mocked the other for relying on "petticoat electors" for allowing women to vote. The scene was immortalized in Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze's painting Washington Crossing the Delaware,[22] and displayed on the New Jersey State Quarter. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles… Through the 1800s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal "house arrest" for a short period. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early 1850s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George Hammell Cook. However, after the court decision, disagreements between New Jersey and New York led to the sharing of jurisdiction over the island by the two states. The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counter-attacks, both of which failed. "[35] It described extraterrestrial monsters that were causing much destruction. McClellan was later elected governor, serving from 1878 to 1881. During the war Long Pond Ironworks and Batsto Iron Works (both founded 1766) supplied munitions to American troops. They moved as soon as game or plants became scarce. This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. The Americans and … Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. In 1835, Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city. In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution.[1]. By 1833, The Camden & Amboy Railroad had been completed, allowing a 7-hour passage between Philadelphia and New York City. Scientists since then have debated which shark species was responsible, with the Great White Shark as the most cited. It was not until 1830 that most blacks were free in the state. Each province was independently governed and passed laws specific to the region. Cities throughout New Jersey offer one-of-a-kind experiences that will leave lasting memories long after your visit. A Brief History of the State of New Jersey. Suffrage had been awarded to those groups under the original New Jersey State Constitution of 1776. Anywhere from 8,000 to 20,000 Delaware Indians lived in the area when the first Europeans arrived. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. Paleo Indians were hunter-gatherers, hunting game and gathering plants for eating. New York, New York: The American Historical Society, Incorporated. Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. During the Great Depression, 20-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was abducted from his home near Hopewell, New Jersey in the Lindbergh kidnapping. Purvis, Thomas L. "The European Origins of New Jersey's Eighteenth Century Population,", Levine, Peter. The colony had originally been settled by the Dutch as part of New Netherland, but came under British rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony. By the mid-1830s the Democrats and the Whigs had fully mobilize practically all of the voters into pro-and anti--Jackson coalitions. Printz helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, near present-day Salem on the east side of the Delaware River. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. In 1790, Trenton officially became the state capital of New Jersey. In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution and the first state to sign the Bill of Rights. Prior to 1664 when it was surrendered to the English, the New Jersey Colony region had … Camp Kilmer was later reactivated for the Korean War and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Contents. The Lenape formed loosely organized groups who at first migrated seasonally. Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.). [25] His most famous inventions included the phonograph, the kinetoscope, the stock ticker, the Dictaphone and the tattoo gun. A $15 fee to be paid by credit/debit card, cash, check, or money order (payable to NJMVC). He started the Motion Picture Patents Company. These include the textile, firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. In the 1950s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey planned and built the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the cities of Newark and Elizabeth. The settlement grew slowly, impeded by mismanagement of the Dutch West India Company and conflicts with the indigenous population known as Kieft's War and The Peach Tree War. Though they were considered one tribe, the Delaware Indians didn't act as one … New Jersey became one of the Thirteen Colonies which broke away from Britain in the American Revolution, adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The New Jersey Colony was originally named the Province of New Jersey, after the British island named Jersey. [28] New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities. Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English without a fight. 1846 - The first professional baseball game is played in Hoboken. Standard Oil Company was split into 34 smaller companies as a result of the dissolution. In the 19th century, New Jersey cities led the United States into the Industrial Revolution and provided soldiers for many of the wars the United States fought, including 88,000 men for the American Civil War. Signer Brearly was born in 1745 at Spring Grove near Trenton, was reared in the area, and attended but did not graduate from the nearby College of New Jersey (later Princeton). It was from there that many soldiers were deployed to Hoboken before shipping off to Europe. Because of its high silk production, it became nicknamed the "Silk City". The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement, a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom. Explore rich culture in cities like Princeton and New Brunswick, both part of our nation’s history. Education came through small religious schools, private academies, or tutors. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. In the summer of 1967, urban residents, primarily African Americans, rioted for five days in Newark and the neighboring city of Plainfield. During the Mexican–American War, a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September 1847 to July 1848. [24] As agriculture became a less reliable source of income for New Jerseyans, many began turning towards more industrialized methods. The Past Attorneys General link provides biographies and images of New Jersey's Attorneys General. The attacks caused 2,986 deaths, including about 700 residents of New Jersey. It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. [12] At least one online source[13] asserts that some 600 colonists settled in New Sweden; it is unclear from that source how many were in New Sweden at any one point in time.). See Molly Pitcher. Existing factories such as the Singer Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey were converted to making weapon parts. They divided the land in half and gave control to two proprietors: Sir George Carteret (who was in charge of the east side) and Lord John Berkley (who was in charge of the west side). Although factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still churned out goods. Descendants of Founders of New Jersey; a society of those associated with the earliest development of our state. They manufactured many necessities, including clothing and war materials like ammunition. Between the Revolutionary and Civil wars, New Jersey underwent tremendous industrial development, largely abetted by the construction of canals and, later, railroads. The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. One of the first European explorers to see the land that became New Jersey was Henry Hudson, who in 1609 sailed along the coast in his ship the Half Moon. The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. In 1676 the province was divided into East and West Jersey, the former going to Sir George Carteret and the latter to a group of Friends (Quakers). "Molly Pitcher" has sometimes been regarded as a real person, although historians now often believe the story is a myth, although probably loosely based on the actions of real women. Public dissatisfaction with the power of the trusts and public utilities reached a high point at the time of the election of Gov. After a long season of confusion it was decided to surrender the whole colony to the Crown, and in 1702 New Jersey became a royal province administered by the royal governor of New York initiated by Queen Anne. [49], The destruction of Lower Manhattan office space accelerated the pre-2001 trend of moving jobs from Lower Manhattan to Midtown and New Jersey. [47] Before, the island had been governed by the state of New York. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing supplies. New Jersey grew and prospered during the early 1800s. Many women took jobs in factories during their husbands' absences. [2], Later other Native Americans settled in New Jersey. [37] Nearly 500,000 residents enlisted for the war,[38] more than 10% of the total population of New Jersey. New Jersey shipyards were responsible for the construction of many naval ships in World War II, including battleships, aircraft carriers, heavy cruisers and destroyers, receiving 9% of all allied war-related contracts through the war. [36] The Lindbergh kidnapping led to passage of the Federal Kidnapping Act, also known as the "Lindbergh Law", which made kidnapping a federal crime. The state became a component of the Underground Railroad. As temperatures increased to over 100 °F (38 °C), many soldiers fell to sunstroke. They spoke an Algonquian dialect. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the "Trial of the Century", and was convicted. Federal expert Arthur Koehler carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper, which he traced to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc. Klinghoffer and Elkis. In 1787 it became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation. This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. Trenton, which had served briefly as the national capital in 1784, was made the state capital in 1790. The Motivation for Founding the New Jersey Colony . [29] Philip Kearny, an officer from the Mexican–American War, led a brigade of New Jersey regiments under Brigadier General William B. Franklin. [14] After capturing the colony, Nicolls became deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, and guaranteed colonists' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. Done during the Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the summer of 1783 the. Until the legislature passed an income tax off many roads to prevent the kidnapper escape! 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To fulfill its potential as a brilliant officer during the early Republic 12...
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