Tabulation and generation of vital statistics for national policy. Specific usage. SOURCE: indicates the source/agency which (required)provided the data. Further analysis should be facilitated by: -making available raw data to users in the form of a data base (still protecting confidentiality); -making available facilities for the production of special tables requested by users. During development of the processing for all tables, an agricultural census data base should be designed and used. Related Read: T.R. A table is always a collection of figures inserted in cells. These deaths were added to the national and local vital statistics system in 2016, 27 years after the event, leading to a sudden rise in homicide deaths for the Liverpool area where the disaster occurred. 9.20 After the items of information to be tabulated have been determined and corresponding questions have been included in the questionnaire, the manner of arrangement and presentation of these data into tables for analysis and publication can be decided. 9.15 Reference is made in Chapter 10, Census Publicity, to the fact that the objectives, scope and coverage of the census should be widely brought to the notice of the public so that they are aware of the utility as well as the limitations of census results. Usually it is developed before or in parallel with the questionnaire. the limitations of the data. Additional tables can then be prepared upon request using this data base. qualitative expression is not possible through tables. Limitations of Tabulation. Cross-tabulation and chi-square. Once it is prepared it should seldom be changed unless mistakes are found and even then, it is necessary to verify that adequate resources are available to undertake the new activities. 9.14 The agricultural census office should observe and take note of the type and frequency of requests received from various agencies and catalogue the demand and identify data which may not be available from other sources. The kind, size and number of tabulations required may influence selection of software and, at times, even the hardware requirements. 9.1 The tabulation plan should be developed in three phases; first, one should identify information which has high priority and which should be released as early as possible. The Data Tabulation Plan provides model tables that set forth the major findings of a survey in a manner that will be useful to policy makers and program managers. (2001). Statistical papers, Series M, No. It must be realized that data collection through a complicated field inquiry is very expensive and if data remain unutilized because they are not processed for any reason, is a waste of national resources. Tabulation suffers from the following limitations: Tables contain only numerical data. Furthermore, attention is increasingly being drawn towards operators of small holdings and toward holdings where the holder is female, with a number of studies and projects aimed at providing assistance. In some cases resources may need to be reallocated and, perhaps, are not available without additional inputs to the work plan and budget. Nevertheless, statisticians responsible for census organization should also be continuously involved in the data processing work. Move your way through the CRVS system or simply click on a topic to dive into a specific subject. Similarly, classification by land tenure and by legal status of the holder is intended to make possible the comparison of data between land owners and tenants, and between household farming and cooperatives, state farms, corporations, etc. 9.9 With the increased demand for tabulations needed for decentralized planning at the smallest administrative units, users should be aware of the limitations of such statistics specifically when sampling methods are employed. For example, the following symbols can be used: T - country totals only P - tables envisaged at country and provincial level D - tables envisaged at country, provincial and district level A - tables envisaged for agro-ecological regions. Low precision– Diagram offer a low level of precision of values. It involves a thorough and proper analysis of data and facts with the help of both quantitative and qualitative techniques. A dummy table is prepared in the size and form of the table planned for publishing, except that it contains empty cells. Limited information– Classified and tabulated data provides more information than diagrams. Tables can be used by experts only to draw conclusions. These tables may include all data collected but with limited cross-tabulations or possibly in different volumes so that the more important data are available very early. When conducting survey analysis, cross tabulations (also referred to as cross-tabs) are a quantitative research method appropriate for analyzing the relationship between two or more variables. 9.32 Different measures of size of agricultural operations are often classified by number of permanent workers (a measure of labour inputs) and by size of the household (a measure of food requirements in subsistence agriculture). Disadvantages of direct tabulation of administrative data. (In this respect, it can be said that with new developments in computer technology, it becomes less and less useful to print a large set of tables, and more and more useful to invest in a system capable of producing tables upon request. Classes for each of the planned classification criteria (e.g., size classes used in Table 9.2). However, such decisions have to be made months or sometimes years before the actual work is done. 9.21 When preparing the tabulation plan for individual countries the following should be kept in mind: 9.22 Tabular presentation may vary from country to country. 9.34 Irrigation is an important concern in countries where there are competing needs for water resources and increased agricultural production is dependent on, or is utilizing, irrigation. Unit I Introduction to Statistics and Some Basic Concepts: Meaning – Origin – Scope of Statistics. Descriptive statistics summarise the data, making clear any trends, patterns etc. Tabulation facilitates comparison, analysis and interpretation of data easily with the help of statistical measures such as averages, dispersion, correlation, regression, deviations etc. The statistics are used by a limited number of people. Data limitations and delays should not keep data from being published, provided that the publishing agency is transparent about these delays and limitations. Statistics operation cannot be performed on the heterogeneous data. The tabulations to be produced for the lowest administrative level would depend on the sampling scheme, sampling variance of characteristics and level of reliability desired. All basic data (e.g., number of holdings by purpose of production). A first investigation concluded that the underlying cause of death was accidental. Multivariate techniques are statistical calculations of multiple outcome variables. 9.31 Classification by purpose of production is intended to show data separately for holdings which do/do not utilize the marketing structure. 9.39 In summary, it should be stressed that the tabulation plan is one of the most important documents in the census preparation and organization process. It should describe in detail the structure of the presenta-tion of the summarized data, with an indication of the priorities, so that data process-ing staff can plan their work, and users can plan further analysis of the agricultural sector data. UNIT: identifies the unit of measurement (optional)for the numbers in the table; examples are US$, hectares, kilograms, (kg. Tables take viewers longer to comprehend and read due to the structure, and they also do not provide a simplistic method for capturing trends in data. Karnataka 1st PUC Statistics Blue Print of Model Question Paper. which may be lurking within them; they consist of visual displays such as graphs, and summary statistics such as means. 4. So, it is the best measure of dispersion. Amount of tabulation for administrative units and the limitations due to sampling 9.9 With the increased demand for tabulations needed for decentralized planning at the smallest administrative units, users should be aware of the limitations of such statistics specifically when sampling methods are employed. Forecasting is essentially a process of analyzing the past and present business movements and trends to obtain some idea or clues regarding future trends and business movements. qualitative expression is not possible through tables. Multivariate techniques are used to answer intriguing questions in science and everyday life. They do not contain details. The content of this chapter is in line with the tabulation plan proposed in the FAO Programme for the World Census of Agriculture 2000, and represents the plan for dissemina-tion of census results (Chapter 18). For example, if the census has been conducted on a sampling basis it may not be possible or reasonable to tabulate the data, which an agricultural planner may subsequently request for smaller administrative areas. FAO (1995). Similarly, if delays in tion occur because a number of external causes of death cannot be finalised within the usual period (perhaps because of lengthy legal procedures), it is preferable to publish the data in a timely way, and revise them once the legal outcome is known. The data should be homogenous to perform the statistics operations. Tables can be used by experts only to draw conclusions. Last Updated on Fri, 04 Sep 2020 | Agricultural Statistics. Statistics does not reveal the entire story 6. Causes of death determined through a coronial enquiry constitute a special case. 9.18 Data requirements for lower administrative levels will affect decisions taken on the size of the sample in sample enumeration censuses. Forecasting is looking into the future so that we can accordingly plan for it. Principles and recommendations for population and housing censuses. Since size classification has been used in reporting past censuses this classification should be retained for continuity and comparability. In some census laws there is a penalty for disclosing confidential data. Statistics can be misused by ignorant and wrongly motivated persons 5. The students seek expert advice or help, have multiple benefits to join us. It has been the general experience that in a well-formulated agricultural census or survey about two-thirds of the total expenditure goes to planning and conducting the field work while one-third is spent on data processing and data dissemination. For solutions and study materials for Class 11 Statistics for Economics, visit BYJU’S or download the app for the best learning experience. Rules of tabulation or precautions for tabulation are numbering, heading, abbreviations, ditto marks, clarity and more. 9.7 With electronic data processing and sophisticated data users, one can expect many requests for cross-tabulations; consequently, it is necessary that measures be taken to safeguard data confidentiality, particularly when detailed data breakdowns are made available by size groups and/or small geographic or administrative areas. Another possible classification of holdings is by area of agricultural land. This group may assess past census tabulations and select those to be retained. Electronic data management and generation. The amount of field work will determine the amount of processing and dissemination. This classification has a direct advantage over that based on total area of land. An expert, who seeks an exact idea of the problem cannot benefit from them. Characteristic headings, Holdings and characteristics of holdings to be classified by, No.of livestock, No of permanent workers, Category 02 - General characteristics, Category 03 - Demographic characteristics, Holdings by size of holder's household, Holders & members of their household by sex & age, Holders & members of their household by education, Holders & members of their household by marital status, Category 04 - Employment, Holders and members of their households economically active by age and sex, Holders and members of their households by main occupation, Holders and members of their households by type of work (permanent, occasional), Holdings by number of permanent workers (members of holder's household and hired), Holdings hiring permanent and occasional workers, Hired permanent workers by sex and skilled or unskilled, Category 05 - Land and water, Number of parcels by size of parcels, Land under shifting cultivation by year cleared, Category 06 - Crops, Use of high yielding crop varieties, Category 07 - Livestock, Holdings by livestock production system, Holdings by number of livestock (for each relevant kind of livestock), Livestock by sex, age and purpose (for each relevant kind of livestock), Category 08 - Machinery and equipment, Number of stationary power-producing machinery by source of supply, Use of other agricultural machinery by source of supply, Category 09 - Buildings and other structures, Use of non-residential buildings by tenure, Area and volume of non-residential buildings by purpose, Category 10 - Other activities, Number and area of forest trees, Fishery activities and kind of aquaculture installations. The only restrictions occur when limiting the number of pages in the census report and when ensuring that the tables do not disclose confidential data of individual holdings. Disadvantages of Graphical Representation of Data. Similarly, all data classified by use of one specific cross-classification criterion can be shown in one long table, as is done by some countries. And because cross tabulation helps to simplify complex data sets, it’s much easier to identify and record valuable insights with this method, while you are developing overarching strategies. In fact, even rare characteristics of holdings could be presented. A balance has to be determined between the resources spent on the two components. Handbook of population and housing censuses: Part I, Planning, organization and administration of population and housing censuses. 54. 9.6 Data users must be consulted during the preparation of the tabulation plan. The axes of the table may be specified as being just one variable or formed from a number of variables. However, forecasting is not a haywire process. 9.33 Classification by age and sex of holder makes it possible to evaluate the effect of these two factors on farm productivity, adaptability of holders to new technology, etc. Rules of Tabulation 67. In a number of national census reports, cross-classifications are limited to showing all data classified by (i) administrative subdivisions and (ii) total area of holding. 9.30 Obviously, in holdings where livestock is more important than land, numbers of livestock (type depending on the country) is a good measure of size of operations. If data are collected by complete enumeration, it is theoretically possible to tabulate data for the smallest geographic areas. Data limitations and transparency. The tabulations prepared for the lower levels of administrative units would have to be very limited . 9.13 In setting up a tabulation plan for an agricultural census, consideration should be given to the type of information needed by the country as well as by international agencies. Save to Profile. In particular, the tabulation plan should indicate proposed tabulations by administra-tive sub-divisions, taking into account the need to limit the number of tables when conducting a complete enumer-ation, and limitations in producing tables for small areas when conducting a sample enumeration. The tabulation plan outlines the presentation of information obtained from the agricultural census for the data users. A,B:classification variables or codes (which may be sub-classified). You need to exercise caution while drawing inferences from diagrams. For more advice on Cross Tabulation and details about how to apply a crosstab report to your survey results, take a look at our Cross Tabulation help guide. 9.27 Furthermore, classification of data by administrative areas should be considered as one of the most important criteria for classification. It is a systematic approach with well thought-out, scientific methods and procedures. Cross tabulation can be used to simplify large data sets. One of the objectives of an agricultural census is to describe the structure of the agricultural sector. Some guidelines for presentation of tables can be found in Frame 9.1. When administrative data are used for statistical purposes, the first problem to be faced is that the information acquired is not exactly that which is needed, since questionnaires are designed for specific administrative purposes. 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